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石家莊市藁(gao)城(cheng)區(qu)嘉祥(xiang)有色(se)金屬加工廠
聯系人:郝先生
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聯系地址:河北
改性氧化銅對響子爆(bao)炸效果(guo)的影響
一、響(xiang)子反應(ying)原理:
響(xiang)珠(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)果藥(yao)(yao)(yao)主要(yao)(yao)是(shi)以(yi)氧(yang)化(hua)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)粉(fen)(CuO),鎂(mei)鋁合(he)金粉(fen)(Mg4Al3),加上(shang)適量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)黏合(he)劑通(tong)過一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)比例均勻(yun)混合(he)后制成(cheng)顆粒(li)狀藥(yao)(yao)(yao)粒(li),而(er)這(zhe)幾種藥(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)在(zai)點燃后能(neng)發生鋁熱(re)式反應(ying)(ying)(ying),放出大量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)熱(re)。在(zai)反應(ying)(ying)(ying)初(chu)期只有藥(yao)(yao)(yao)珠(zhu)表(biao)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)進(jin)行了反應(ying)(ying)(ying),生成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)產物(wu)氧(yang)化(hua)鎂(mei)和(he)氧(yang)化(hua)鋁因為熔(rong)點很高(gao),所(suo)以(yi)一(yi)直只能(neng)以(yi)固(gu)體形態存(cun)在(zai),包裹在(zai)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)珠(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)表(biao)面(mian),隨著反應(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)逐(zhu)層深入,這(zhe)個包裹層不斷(duan)加厚(hou)加固(gu),最(zui)終(zhong)形成(cheng)了一(yi)個類(lei)似密封容器的(de)(de)(de)外殼。而(er)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)珠(zhu)內部隨著反應(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)加深,熱(re)量(liang)(liang)不斷(duan)積聚(ju),反應(ying)(ying)(ying)放出的(de)(de)(de)熱(re)量(liang)(liang)主要(yao)(yao)是(shi)被金屬銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)所(suo)吸(xi)收,產物(wu)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)度上(shang)升(sheng)速(su)度要(yao)(yao)比氧(yang)化(hua)鎂(mei)和(he)氧(yang)化(hua)鋁快(kuai)得多,溫(wen)(wen)度也就會急劇升(sheng)高(gao)。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)比熱(re)容是(shi)0.386 j/g﹒℃,我們通(tong)過計算,在(zai)氧(yang)化(hua)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)跟(gen)鎂(mei)鋁合(he)金反應(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)中(zhong)產生的(de)(de)(de)熱(re)量(liang)(liang)足以(yi)使生成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)溫(wen)(wen)度急速(su)升(sheng)高(gao)到(dao)1750℃以(yi)上(shang),而(er)這(zhe)個溫(wen)(wen)度是(shi)達不到(dao)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)沸點2595℃的(de)(de)(de),這(zhe)就需要(yao)(yao)用其他(ta)方(fang)法促使銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)達到(dao)沸點,同時節省熱(re)量(liang)(liang),化(hua)學(xue)反應(ying)(ying)(ying)方(fang)程(cheng)式如下(xia):
17CuO+2 Mg4Al3 = 17Cu +8 MgO + 3Al2 O3 + 熱量(liang)
二(er)、在焙燒氧化(hua)銅過程(cheng)中將(jiang)一定(ding)量的(de)改性元素(su)和電解銅粉混合(he),經高(gao)溫燒制生產出符合(he)煙花用的(de)改性氧化(hua)銅。
改性氧(yang)化銅跟(gen)鎂鋁合(he)金在高(gao)溫狀態下反應放(fang)出的熱量更(geng)大(da)(da),反應速度更(geng)快(kuai),使生成的合(he)金在很短的時間內完全(quan)沸騰汽化,產(chan)生高(gao)溫高(gao)壓氣體(ti),在瞬間突(tu)破氧(yang)化鎂和(he)氧(yang)化鋁組成的包裹(guo)“容器”,大(da)(da)量的能量急劇釋放(fang),對空(kong)氣產(chan)生強(qiang)烈振動(dong),提升了(le)響子的爆炸效果(guo)。